With economic development, the level of consumption of residents is also rising, and the amount of garbage generated in daily life is also on the rise. At present, most of our large and medium-sized cities do not have a recycle bin that does not decontaminate rubbish. The basic treatment method is to simply landfill the rubbish without any disinfection measures, and their hygiene requirements are far from environmental sanitation standard. Solid waste includes both harmful and harmless and must be properly disposed of.
These simple dump sites have caused a series of environmental problems. Reflected in: First, the occupation of land, solid waste needs land, the greater the amount of accumulation, the more land.
It is estimated that each pile of 10,000 tons of waste about an area of ​​1 mu. With the development of industrial and agricultural production and the growth of people's consumption level, the contradiction between the solid waste occupying land is increasingly acute. Second, the contaminated soil and waste are easily contaminated by the harmful components during the stacking process. People and contaminated soil directly or indirectly in contact with the contaminated soil pests with natural precipitation runoff or percolation into the water may endanger human health. Pile up three, polluted water body, the lack of segregation of garbage, the sewage generated by its pollution through the infiltration of surrounding groundwater body, affecting the safety of drinking water around the residents; Fourth, polluting the atmosphere, open piled garbage pungent odor, attracting mosquitoes, seriously affecting residents Quality of life can be heard in the hot summer a few kilometers radius, and secondly, has a great impact on the city appearance; Fifth, the impact on the appearance of the surrounding environment, both obscure and easy to spread the disease.
1, the type and impact of solid waste
Hospital solid waste is diverse, organic, inorganic; flammable, non-flammable; have contaminated by pathogens, there is no pathogen contamination. According to different properties, can be roughly divided into: general solid waste, medical waste and sewage treatment station sludge three categories.
1.1 General solid waste
1.1.1 Classification
(1) muck, such as construction site generated dust, etc .;
(2) Ordinary domestic waste, such as discarded bags produced in daily life and leftover food leftovers in canteens;
(3) Packaging materials, plastic bags, cartons, cans and other wastes;
(4) Herbaceous plants, withered dead leaves, etc .;
(5) boiler slag.
1.1.2 Hazard
If such solid waste is disposed of in time, it will have great immediate and potential harm to the environment, and its hazards are summed up as follows: 1. Invade a lot of land, pollute the soil; 2. Severe air pollution; 3. Severe water pollution; 4. Garbage explosion, spontaneous combustion and other accidents continue to occur.
1.2 household garbage
Refers to the solid waste generated in the daily activities of the city or in the service of the daily life of the city, and the solid wastes that are regarded as municipal solid waste by laws and regulations.
1.3 Hazardous waste
Refers to the hazardous wastes included in the national inventory, or in accordance with national standards and identification of hazardous waste identification methods identified hazardous characteristics of waste. Specific can be divided into the following categories.
1.3.1 Medical waste
Medical waste is waste generated after the end of medical treatment. It is more infectious and harmful than other solid wastes due to its high susceptibility to infection during medical treatment. General medical waste including needles, alcohol cotton, drip and so on.
Medical wastes mainly include clinical infectious wastes in hospitals, wastes generated by hemodialysis in hospitals, wastes containing colonies and pathogenic strains of culture broths and preservative solutions generated from medical activities such as clinical research, teaching and research, as well as infected animal bodies. Infectious disease wards All wastes generated; Obsolete sharp objects produced by hospitals; Expired medicinal and chemical wastes. The great harm of medical waste is that the bacteria it contains is several times or even thousands of times more than ordinary domestic waste. The most obvious hazard is its contagiousness. What is worrying is that a large amount of medical waste has not been disinfected or further processed, but is directly lost to the society. Such as disposable medical equipment, the second use, disposable syringes simply washed and then transformed into other plastic products, these reshaped medical waste will germs spread in our drinking water, household items and even the air.
1.3.2 industrial sources of hazardous waste
Industrial hazardous waste refers to the hazardous wastes included in the national hazardous wastes inventory or identified as hazardous by national standards for the identification and identification of hazardous wastes. And industrial sources of hazardous waste refers to hazardous wastes generated in industrial production activities.
1.3.3 Social source of hazardous waste
Social-sourced hazardous wastes include laboratory waste chemical reagents from research institutes, batteries for centralized recycling, and the like. Such solid waste collection and disposal if not timely, Sinotrans processing, decentralized stacking will affect the cleanliness of enterprises. Accumulate for a long time, the fermentation of corruption, especially the high temperature, high humidity season volatile release of toxic and harmful gases and emit stench and breeding mosquitoes and flies, spread of bacteria, diseases, endangering health, affecting the quality of the atmospheric environment.
1.3.4 E- waste
E-waste refers to discarded electronic and electrical products, electronic and electrical equipment (hereinafter referred to as products or equipment), and their discarded parts and components.
1.4 Building Solid Waste
Solid waste construction materials, refers to the coal gangue, fly ash, cinder, blast furnace slag, slag and other solid waste materials and building materials have the necessary ingredients and properties, can produce building materials.
2, solid waste disposal program
2.1 General solid waste
For paper, plastic, metal and other recyclable garbage were placed to give a clear logo, and increase publicity efforts so that people consciously develop a good habit of classification. For hazardous hazardous waste, such as used batteries, waste lamps, etc., should be collected and sent to the designated place of EPB. Living garbage
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