1. Industrial process inspection
Industrial process inspection refers to the qualitative inspection and quantitative measurement of some of the proud ones in order to master the production situation and monitor and control the production process in a timely manner.
The purpose of the test is to obtain information on the index values ​​of the various processes. According to the test results, the variables affecting the process conditions can be automatically adjusted or manipulated to achieve the purposes of improving quality, reducing costs, saving energy, reducing pollution and safe production.
The detection technology involves a wide range of technologies, including the acquisition, conversion, display of the detected information, and the processing of the most data on the side. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, especially with the development of high-tech and microelectronics technologies, computer technology, and the emergence of new materials and processes, detection technology has also been continuously developed, and has become a practical and comprehensive Strong emerging disciplines.
As an important means and tool for human understanding of the objective world, detection technology and instrumentation have a wide range of applications. Industrial processes are one of the most important fields of application. Industrial process testing has the following characteristics:
(1) The measured object has various forms. There are gaseous, liquid, solid media and their mixtures. Some of them have special properties (such as strong corrosion, strong radiation, high pressure, high pressure, cryogenic, vacuum, high drilling, high-speed movement, etc.).
(2) The measured parameters are diverse in nature. There are thermodynamics such as temperature, pressure, flow, and liquid level, as well as various mechanical quantities, electrical quantities, chemical emblems, and biological sites, as well as special parameters (such as the degree of beating of pulp) that are required for certain industrial processes.
(3) The measured variables vary widely. If the measured temperature is higher than 1000°C, it can also be. The temperature below °C is even low.
(4) There are various detection methods. Both intermittent measurement and continuous measurement; both single-parameter detection and multi-parameter simultaneous detection; there are periodic inspections of different parameters, and so on.
(5) The detection environment is rather harsh. In the industrial process, there are many influencing factors that are not conducive to detection, such as power supply voltage fluctuation, a degree, pressure change, and the presence of water vapor, smoke, dust, radiation, vibration, etc. at the work site. Therefore, it is required to have a strong anti-jamming capability and corresponding protective measures.
In order to adapt to the above characteristics of industrial process detection, it is required that the detection instrument not only has good static characteristics and dynamic characteristics, but also adopts different measurement principles and measurement methods for different measured objects and side sites. Therefore, the type of detection instrument Many, and in order to adapt to the new requirements of the industrial process on the detection technology, there will be a variety of new automated instruments continue to emerge.
2. Classification and composition of side-inspection instruments
The gun gauge is a meter that can determine the smallest measured change. It can be a sensor, a transmitter, and an instrument that has both a detection element and a display device.
The sensor is a meter that can accept the side information and convert it into an output variable of the same kind or other kind according to a certain rule. Sensors that output standard signals are called transmitters. The so-called standard signal is the signal whose upper and lower limits of the range of variation have been standardized (such as 4-2OmA DC, etc.).
The detection instrument can be classified as follows:
(1) According to the measured classification, it can be divided into temperature detection instrument, pressure detection side instrument, flow basin detection instrument, level detection instrument, mechanical detection instrument and process analysis instrument.
(2) Classified by measuring principle. Can be divided into capacitive, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, photoelectric, ultrasonic, nuclear radiation-type side detectors.
(3) Classification by output signal. It can be divided into analog instruments that output analog signals, digital instruments that output digital signals, and side-switches that output switching signals (such as vibration level switches).
(4) Classified by structure and functional characteristics. According to whether the side volume results are displayed on site, the integrated meters with continents and display functions are combined and the unit combination meters that convert the measurement results into standard output signals and transmitted to the control room are displayed in a centralized manner. Contains microprocessors. Divided into conventional instruments without microprocessors and microprocessor-based instruments. The latter's integration is getting higher and higher, and the functions are getting stronger. Some have already had certain artificial intelligence and are often called intelligent meters. At present, some meter supply has introduced the concept of "virtual instrument." The so-called "virtual instrument" is a set of software or (and) hardware on the basis of a standard computer. The user can operate the computer and fully utilize the latest computer technology to realize and extend the functions of the traditional instrument. This software-based system can enjoy a variety of computing, display, and communication functions of ordinary computers. 'After the basic hardware is determined, it is possible to adapt to different needs and achieve different functions by changing software methods. The virtual instrument completely breaks the situation that the traditional instrument can only be defined by the manufacturer and cannot be changed by the user. The user can design and define by himself, update his own instrument or detection system through the change of the software, and change the function of the conventional instrument to a single or some functions. No defects, thus saving development and maintenance costs and reducing the time for the development of a dedicated inspection system.
The composition of different types of instrumentation is not the same, and its components are not exactly the same. Usually, the detection instrument consists of original sensitive links (sensors or detected elements), variable conversion and control links, data transmission links, display sections, and data processing links. The components in the side-inspection instrument can constitute an open-loop measurement system or a closed-loop measurement system. The open-loop side-basin system is made up of a series of links in series. Its characteristic is that the signal flows only in one direction (positive direction) from the input to the outflow. The most common side detection instruments are open-loop measurement systems. Taking the input temperature signal as the input signal and the offset of the millivolt pointer as the response of the output signal, the signal flows only in the forward direction within the system. The closed loop measurement system is constructed in such a way that it has a feedback loop in addition to the forward path of signal transmission. In the automatic balance Display Instrument that adopts the zero value method for measurement, each component part constitutes a closed loop measurement system.
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