Interpretation and Reflection on China's "Revolution Strategy of Energy Production and Consumption (2016~2030)"
Among the energy problems facing countries around the world, China's energy problems may be the most complicated and most costly. Energy is the foundation of development. Scientifically formulating China's energy development strategy and formulating plans under the guidance of strategy is of great significance to the sustainable development of the country's economy and society. China's "Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016~2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "Strategy") adopted by the National Energy Commission has made a comprehensive strategic deployment of China's energy revolution in the next 15 years, which has important practical significance and long-term significance.
1. Energy development: entering a new stage of upgrading and efficiency
The "Strategy" pointed out that China's energy development is entering a new stage of transition from total expansion to quality improvement. This is the need for China's supply-side structural reforms and the improvement of the quality of economic development. It is the need to break the constraints of resources and environment, control the atmosphere and water pollution, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. It is the need to actively respond to climate change and achieve long-term sustainable development. It is the need to increase energy public services, benefit the entire people, and accelerate the country's modernization drive.
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The “13th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development†released earlier proposed to implement dual control over the total energy consumption and energy intensity, and fundamentally reverse the extensive growth of energy consumption, requiring that the proportion of coal consumption in primary energy should be reduced to 58 in 2020. Below %, the combined proportion of non-fossil energy and low-carbon energy such as natural gas is 25%. On this basis, the Strategy proposes further energy revolution goals. In 2030, “renewable energy, natural gas and nuclear energy utilization continued to grow, and the utilization of high-carbon fossil energy was greatly reduced.†Non-fossil energy accounts for about 20% of total energy consumption, and natural gas accounts for more than 15%, namely low-carbon energy. The combined ratio is 35%, the new energy demand is mainly met by clean low-carbon energy; the clean and efficient use of fossil energy is promoted, the carbon dioxide emission peaks around 2030 and strives to reach the peak as soon as possible; the energy consumption per unit of GDP reaches the current world average (2015) In the year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP is 1.5 times that of the world average; energy technology is among the highest in the world. Looking forward to 2050, “the total energy consumption is basically stable, and non-fossil energy accounts for more than half of the totalâ€, and a green, low-carbon, and efficient modern energy system has been built.
2. Energy consumption revolution: saving efficiency
"Strategy" summarizes the energy consumption revolution as "creating a new and efficient situation." Put forward: First, implement the “double control†action of total energy consumption and intensity, and use dual control as a binding indicator to promote the formation of a mechanism for economic transformation and upgrading. According to the "Strategy", in 2020, "the total energy consumption will be controlled within 5 billion tons of standard coal", and in 2030, it will be controlled within 6 billion tons of standard coal. I think this goal is expected to be better, and we need to focus on controlling the total coal consumption and oil consumption, and encourage renewable energy consumption. The second is to adjust the industrial structure and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Promote industrial sectors to exhaust early peaks and promote industrial green manufacturing and recycling. Of iron and steel, building materials, high energy-consuming industries to implement strict energy efficiency and emission standards, improve building energy efficiency standards, to curb unreasonable "major demolition and construction," building green low-carbon transport system. Establish and improve the initial distribution system of emission rights and carbon emission rights, and cultivate and develop the national carbon emission trading market. The third is to promote urban and rural new electrification, low-carbon urbanization, electricity to replace coal, electricity to replace oil (with the optimization of power supply structure, this will not replace oil with coal). Eliminate the direct burning of coal at the construction terminal, increase the supply of renewable electricity and heat (cold). Enhance the level of universal service in rural areas, promote agricultural production and electrification, the implementation of photovoltaic (hot) anti-poverty project, to develop solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, agriculture, forestry, solid waste resource utilization, rural energy development as a new "fertile ground." Through information technology, we will comprehensively improve the level of intelligent and efficient terminal energy consumption. The fourth is to vigorously advocate the rational use of energy lifestyles and consumption patterns, to encourage reasonable living housing and small-displacement, new energy citizen cars to guide the public to participate in the supervision of all aspects of energy consumption.
3. Energy production revolution: cleaning low carbon
The Strategy outlines the energy supply revolution as “building a clean, low-carbon new systemâ€. First of all, based on the reality of the stock, promote the clean and efficient development of coal, centralized use. Replace civil loose coal with a variety of high-quality energy, and promote coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity projects. The construction of high-efficiency, ultra-low emission coal-fired power units will achieve the discharge of pollutants from coal-fired power plants to the level of gas-fired power plants and prevent new overcapacity in coal-fired power plants. Promote the internalization of external environmental costs of fossil energy and reasonably determine the level of coal taxes and fees. Second, the realization of incremental energy demand mainly relies on clean new energy sources and opens up a new era of low-carbon energy supply. Promote a high proportion of renewable energy development, increase the rate of water, wind and solar grid integration, and reduce power generation costs. Various forms of biomass, geothermal energy and ocean energy can be developed according to local conditions. Adopting the latest safety standards, developing nuclear power safely and efficiently, and strengthening the coordinated development of the entire nuclear power industry chain. Actively promote the multiplication of natural gas (including unconventional natural gas) and strive to increase the supply capacity of natural gas by two times in 2030 compared with 2015. Promoting distributed natural gas and distributed renewable energy has become an important way to use energy. Third, comprehensively build an "Internet +" smart energy network to promote the deep integration of energy and modern information technology. Strengthen the intelligent construction of the power system. The centralized smart grid and distributed energy network interact and interact to build a distributed energy storage device based on the user side, relying on technologies such as new energy, energy storage, flexible network and microgrid to achieve efficient and flexible access to distributed energy. And the integration of production and consumption, the construction of "source - network - Dutch - storage - use" coordinated development, integration of complementary energy Internet.
4. Energy Science and Technology Revolution: Strategic Guarantee for Energy Transformation
The energy science and technology revolution is the support of the energy production and consumption revolution, as well as the strategic guarantee to seize the commanding heights of science and technology and ensure the long-term security of China's energy. At present, global energy technology innovation has entered a period of high activity, which has effectively promoted the transformation of world energy into green, low carbon and high efficiency. China's energy must vigorously promote technological innovation, industrial innovation and business model innovation, transforming technological advantages into economic advantages, cultivating new growth points for energy technology and related industries, and taking the lead in this international competition for energy transformation. China needs special attention: high-efficiency energy-saving technology; energy clean development and utilization technology; smart energy technology, including Internet and distributed energy technology, smart grid technology and energy storage technology (including physical energy storage and chemical energy storage) deep integration Strengthen the basic research of energy science and technology, vigorously carry out research on cutting-edge innovation, especially interdisciplinary innovation and subversive technological innovation with materials science and information technology; strengthen and deepen international exchange and cooperation in energy science and technology, and promote China's energy The institutional revolution has made new substantive breakthroughs.
In order to implement various strategic goals and tasks, the Strategy proposes more than a dozen major strategic actions such as “National Energy Conservation Action†and “Rural New Energy Actionâ€, which reflect the main strategic thinking and make the Strategy fall. It is operable.
People who live in a time-space environment will always have certain limitations. In the next decade or so, the energy science and technology revolution is likely to have an unpredictable breakthrough. The implementation of the "Paris Agreement" will accelerate the process of global green energy and low carbonization. With the progress of society, China will have a clearing of clear water, green hills and blue skies. Stronger, higher demands. The prospect of a more active reshaping of China's energy system in the future is worth looking forward to.
Under the guidance of the new development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharingâ€, the Chinese economy will accelerate the transformation and upgrading to a green and low-carbon economic model. Green, low-carbon and high-efficiency will also become inevitable choices for China's energy transformation. It is necessary to clearly understand that energy transition has long-term, complex and arduous nature, but the direction and path are clear, and it is necessary to make unremitting efforts throughout the country. Reshaping energy and creating a new Chinese road of "economic and environmental win-win" is the historical mission of contemporary Chinese.
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