A few months ago, with the approval of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the fourth batch of eight central environmental protection inspectors stationed inspectors in Jilin, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hainan, Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang (including the Corps) and other provinces (districts). Recently, these initial results with supervision, as of September 4, eight groups of inspectors have completed the second phase of sinking Inspector mission, received a total of 32,277 valid report, the total amount of over 280 million yuan fine gold.
Seeing a new mineral processing plant every day to close down list, eat melon masses applauded at the same time, mining people facing unemployment, tears, waiting to eat soil, a few happy tears.
So in the waste water treatment section, how should we do it?
7 major industrial wastewater treatment processes
Industrial waste water (industrial waste water) includes production wastewater, production sewage and cooling water. It refers to waste water and waste liquid produced in industrial production processes. It contains industrial production materials, intermediate products, by-products and water pollution during production. Object.
Industrial wastewater has a wide variety and complex composition. So what are its treatment processes? As environmental requirements become more stringent, we need to know more about the treatment of various wastewaters!
So what are the mainstream crafts in the country, and what is the effect?
1. Multi-effect evaporation crystallization technology
In the process of industrial salty wastewater treatment, the industrial salty wastewater enters the low-temperature multi-effect concentration crystallization device, and is separated into desalinated water (the desalinated water may contain trace amounts of low-boiling organic matter) and concentrated through the concentrated crystallization process of 3-5 effect evaporation condensation. Crystal slurry waste liquid; inorganic salt and some organic matter can be crystallized and separated, incinerated as inorganic salt waste residue; organic liquid concentrated waste liquid which can not be crystallized can be solidified waste residue by using a drum evaporator, incinerated; desalinated water can be returned to the production system instead of softening Water is used.
The low-temperature multi-effect evaporation concentration crystallization system can be applied not only to the concentration process and crystallization process of chemical production, but also to the process of evaporation and concentration crystallization of industrial salty wastewater.
The multi-effect evaporation process only uses steam in the first effect, thus saving the steam demand, effectively utilizing the heat in the secondary steam, reducing the production cost and improving the economic benefit.
2, biological law
Biological treatment is one of the most commonly used methods for wastewater treatment. It has a wide range of applications, adaptability, cost-effectiveness and harmlessness.
In general, the commonly used biological methods include the conventional activated sludge method and the biological contact oxidation method.
(1) Traditional activated sludge process
The activated sludge process is an aerobic biological treatment method for sewage, and is currently the most widely used method for treating urban sewage. It removes colloidal solubility and biodegradability of organic matter from wastewater and suspended solids that can be activated sludge and other substances adsorbed, but also to remove a portion of the nitrogen and phosphorus element.
The activated sludge method has a high removal rate and is suitable for treating wastewater with high water quality requirements and relatively stable water quality. However, it is not good at adapting to the change of water quality, oxygen supply can not be fully utilized; the air supply is evenly distributed along the pool water, resulting in excess oxygen in the early stage after the oxygen is insufficient; the aeration structure is large and the floor space is large.
(2) Biological contact oxidation method
The biological contact oxidation method is a method mainly for treating organic wastewater by attaching microorganisms (ie, biofilms) grown on the surface of certain solid objects.
The biological contact oxidation method is an immersion biofilm method, which is a combination of a biological filter and an aeration tank, and has the characteristics of an activated sludge method and a biofilm method, and has a good effect in a water treatment process.
The biological contact oxidation method has a high volumetric load and has strong adaptability to impact load; less sludge production, simple operation and management, simple operation, low energy consumption, and high efficiency; and the advantages of activated sludge method, biological High activity, good purification effect, high treatment efficiency, short processing time, good and stable effluent quality; can decompose other biologically difficult to decompose substances, have the function of deoxidation and dephosphorization, and can be used as a three-stage treatment technology.
3, SBR process
SBR is an abbreviation of Sequencing Batch Reactor (Sequencing Batch Reactor). As a batch operation wastewater treatment process, SBR has attracted extensive attention and research in recent years.
The SBR's working procedures consist of five procedures: inflow, reaction, sedimentation, discharge, and idle. The sewage enters each reaction step in a sequence and intermittently in the reactor, and the operation of each SBR reactor is also intermittently arranged in time in order.
The SBR method has the following characteristics: simple process, small floor space, less equipment, and investment saving. The ideal push-flow process makes the biochemical reaction have large thrust, high treatment efficiency, flexible operation mode, high phosphorus removal and denitrification, high sludge activity, good sedimentation performance, impact load resistance and strong processing capacity.
Although the advantages of the method SBR, but also have certain limitations, such as large influent flow, the reaction system needs to be adjusted to increase investment; and there are special requirements for the effluent water quality, such as nitrogen and phosphorus removal, etc. Improve.
4, MBR process
MBR is a new high-efficiency wastewater treatment process combining high-efficiency membrane separation technology with traditional activated sludge process. It is placed in an aeration tank with a unique structure of MBR flat membrane module, after aerobic aeration and biological treatment. The water is filtered by a pump through a filter and extracted.
The MBR process equipment is compact and covers a small area; the effluent water quality is high quality and stable, the organic matter removal efficiency is high; the excess sludge production is low, the production cost is reduced; the ammonia nitrogen and the refractory organic matter can be removed; and the modification is easy from the conventional process. However, the high membrane cost makes the membrane bioreactor's capital investment higher than the traditional sewage treatment process; membrane fouling is easy to occur, which brings inconvenience to operation management; high energy consumption and high process requirements.
5, electrolytic process
Under high salinity conditions, wastewater has high conductivity. This feature provides a good space for electrochemical treatment of high salinity organic wastewater.
The high-salt wastewater undergoes a series of redox reactions in the electrolytic cell to form a water-insoluble substance, which is removed by precipitation (or air flotation) or direct oxidation to a harmless gas, thereby reducing COD.
When sodium chloride in the solution is electrolyzed, a part of the chlorine gas generated on the anode is dissolved in the solution to generate a secondary reaction to form hypochlorite and chlorate, which bleaches the solution. It is the combined synergy described above that degrades organic contaminants in solution.
Because of the limitations of electrochemical theory, high energy consumption, and lack of power, the current process of electrolytically treating high-salt wastewater is still in the research stage.
6, ion exchange method
Ion exchange is a unitary process in which the exchange reaction between ions in solution and counterions on insoluble polymers (containing fixed anions or cations) is usually involved.
When the ion exchange method is used, the wastewater first passes through a cation exchange column, in which positively charged ions (Na+, etc.) are replaced by H+ and retained in the exchange column;
Thereafter, the negatively charged ions (CI-, etc.) are replaced by OH- in the anion exchange column to achieve the purpose of desalting.
However, a major problem with this method is that the solid suspended matter in the wastewater will block the resin and lose its effect, and the regeneration of the ion exchange resin requires a high cost and the exchanged waste is difficult to handle.
7. Membrane separation method
Membrane separation technology is a novel separation technique that uses membranes to separate, purify, and concentrate target materials by selecting differences in permeation properties of the components in the mixture.
Currently commonly used membrane technologies include ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. When ultrafiltration and microfiltration are used in industrial wastewater treatment, the salt in the sewage can not be effectively removed, but the suspended solids (SS) and colloidal COD can be effectively intercepted; electrodialysis and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies are The most effective and most commonly used desalination technology.
In addition, reverse osmosis technology can also remove some dissolved organic matter, which is not achieved by other desalination technologies. However, due to its high processing cost and insufficient operational experience, reverse osmosis technology has been applied in urban sewage treatment and industrial wastewater treatment. Certain restrictions.
Moreover, when the membrane technology treats high-concentration salty wastewater, the membrane is easily contaminated, which makes the operation difficult to operate normally. Moreover, the cost of membrane treatment of tons of wastewater is high and the company is unbearable.
At present, the most widely used industrial wastewater treatment is multi-effect evaporation process, biological method, SBR process and MBR process, because the theory is mature, the treatment effect is good, and economical and efficient; for electrolysis, ion exchange, membrane separation and other processes, due to theory and technology The restrictions are more for the research phase.
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