Vigorously develop grain drying equipment and technology to improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products in China (1)

Drying is one of the most important aspects of post-harvest handling of food. Drying the grain moisture below safe moisture is the primary condition for ensuring the safety of grain storage. At the same time, whether or not the drying operation is appropriate has a direct impact on the food grade, processing quality, and food quality, which in turn affects the economic benefits of the grain and agriculture, food circulation, and processing enterprises and people's quality of life. Recently, the reporter interviewed Dr. Niu Xinghe, a doctor of China Agricultural University and deputy general manager of Zhonggu Group Science and Technology Corporation, on the development and demand for grain drying equipment and technology in China.

Reporter: Drying equipment is a small category in the machinery and equipment industry, but it plays an important role in the grain processing industry, especially in improving grain quality and providing high-quality raw materials for the food industry. Please talk about China's grain drying technology. And the status of equipment.

Niu Xinghe: It is of great significance to vigorously develop grain drying equipment and technologies and improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products in China. In general, there are many varieties of high-moisture foods in China with large quantities: corn, rice, rapeseed, wheat, and soybeans; the number of normal years in the past is more than 40 million tons, and the low-temperature and rainy harvest season will break through this far. A quantity. In recent years, the contradiction between supply and demand for some varieties has become more prominent. Especially after the marketization of purchases and sales, high-moisture foods have increased significantly, and the demand for grain drying equipment has increased.

Since the 1990s, China has used World Bank loans and national debt funds to accelerate the construction of grain drying facilities. According to the latest statistics, the state-owned grain warehouse has a total of 4647 drying facilities. The total drying capacity has reached 39,000 tons/hour, and 44.92 million tons of dry food can be dried each year. Among them, large-scale equipment is mainly concentrated in one of the three provinces and regions in the northeast, forming a drying capacity of nearly 30 million tons/year, basically solving the problem of insufficient drying capacity of high-moisture grain in the region.

At the same time, we should also see some prominent problems in the grain drying equipment industry in China. In general, China's basic research on grain drying technology and equipment has progressed rapidly, but it is still far from enough. There are many types of aircraft and the processing capacity of a single machine is too small; the quality of grain drying is poor and the rate of grain breakage is high; simple imitation is more, and there is less independent innovation. The processing technology is backward and the quality is poor; the regional development is not balanced and the overall drying capacity is still insufficient.

Reporter: Compared with the world's developed countries, what is the status of grain drying technology and equipment? What are the development trends of domestic grain drying technology and equipment?

Niu Xinghe: The developed countries in the world generally adopt mechanical drying and diversify their equipment. For example, 75% of corn in the United States and 92% of rice in Japan are mechanically dried. They generally use computer simulation to conduct research, design, and management based on grain use. Select drying process parameters, pay attention to maintaining food quality, and have high automation level and low energy consumption.

At present, developed countries in the world are further developing new types of drying equipment to meet market needs. For example, new technologies that can be handled and dried according to the variety and quality of foods; the development and application of intelligent control systems; the development of a variety of fuel sources for grain drying; and the development of environmentally-friendly models.

The domestic grain drying technology and equipment development will present the following trends: First, the development of grain drying technology will further change from the emphasis on processing capacity to the emphasis on drying quality, and the drying technology that is conducive to maintaining grain quality will develop rapidly. The second is that efficient, energy-saving, low-cost dryers will be sought after. Waste heat recovery, high-efficiency combustion, high-efficiency heat transfer technology and new energy utilization will become hot topics in the research and development of drying technology. Third, soybean and oil crop drying technologies and equipment will be developed and promoted. Fourth, grain dryer control evolved from simple logic control to intelligent control. Fifth, dry ventilation and warehouse drying technologies will be further developed and promoted.

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