1. Xanthogen xanthogen (RO-CSSH) itself is an unstable colorless or yellow oily liquid that is sparingly soluble or poorly soluble in water and may cause a strong explosion when decomposed. However, their alkali metal salts is quite stable solid. The sodium salt is easily deliquescent to form a dihydrate, and the potassium salt does not deliquesce. They are easily soluble in water, alcohol and acetone.
In the collection performance of xanthate in complex polymetallic sulfide ore flotation, it is generally said that the longer the carbon chain in the molecule, the stronger the capture effect. In contrast, the short-chain yellow drug has strong selectivity. The long-chain yellow drug has poor selectivity. For example, ethyl sodium xanthate has the strongest selectivity, and isopropyl sodium xanthate has a low production cost and good harvesting power and selectivity in foreign countries; it is also the most widely used. The cost of sodium isobutyrate is also lower and the harvesting power is stronger. Potassium amyl xanthate collector selectivity, but also the strongest worst, often come with the collector pyrite, except add the appropriate inhibitor. The general concentration of xanthate is 10~20%, avoiding the use in strong acid pulp and preventing the decomposition of xanthate. The general dosage of xanthate is 23~90 g/ton ore.
The solubility and wet contact angle data of commonly used potassium xanthate sodium salt are listed in Table 1.
Second, the characteristics xanthates xanthates are relatively stable properties can be vacuum distilled; as an oil at room temperature, insoluble in water, is generally added in a ball mill, the effective copper mineral collector, in The slurry added with lime is also a good collector for zinc . Do not collect pyrite. It can often improve the recovery rate of gold and silver in sulfide ore. Common xanthates are shown in Table 2.
product name | R | M | Solvent | Grams dissolved per 100 grams of solvent | Wet joint antenna, | ||
0°C | 35°C | ||||||
N-propyl potassium xanthate N-propyl potassium xanthate | nC 3 H 7 — | K Na | water water | 43.0 17.6 | 58.0 43.3 | 68 | |
Isopropyl potassium xanthate Isopropyl potassium xanthate | iC 3 H 7 — | K Na | water water | 16.64 12.1 | 37.15 37.9 | ||
N-butyl potassium xanthate N-butyl potassium xanthate | nC 4 H 9 — | K Na | water water | 32.4 20.0 | 47.9 76.2 | 74 | |
Isobutyl potassium xanthate Isobutyl potassium xanthate | iC 4 H 9 — | K Na | water water | 10.7 11.2 | 47.67 33.37 | 78 | |
Isoamyl potassium xanthate Isoamyl potassium xanthate | iC 5 H 11 — | K Na | water water | 28.4 24.7 | 53.3 43.5 | 86 | |
N-propyl potassium xanthate N-propyl potassium xanthate | nC 3 H 7 — | K Na | Propanol Propanol | 1.9 10.16 | 8.9 22.5 | Note: The antennae of methylxanthate is: 50, the ethyl xanthate is: 60, the n-hexyl xanthate is: one, the cetyl xanthate is: 96 | |
Isopropyl potassium xanthate Isopropyl potassium xanthate | iC 3 H 7 — | K Na | Isopropanol Isopropanol | 2.0 19.0 | |||
N-butyl potassium xanthate N-butyl potassium xanthate | nC 4 H 9 — | K Na | Butanol Butanol | 36.5 39.2 | |||
Isobutyl potassium xanthate Isobutyl potassium xanthate | iC 4 H 9 — | K Na | Isobutanol Isobutanol | 1.6 1.2 | 6.2 20.5 | ||
Isoamyl potassium xanthate isopentyl potassium xanthate | iC 5 H 11 — | K Na | Isoamyl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol | 2.0 10.9 | 6.5 15.5 | ||
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4. Thiocarbamate
The oxygen in the xanthogen molecule is replaced by a nitrogen atom, which constitutes a thiocarbamate. They are a class of excellent xanthogen substitutes, which are more selective than xanthate and low in dosage (5-20 g/ton), and are not easily decomposed in acidic pulp. See Table 3 for details.
Table 4 Black medicine
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